Geography and climate

Mongolia is the world’s second largest landlocked country and occupies a territory of 1.56 million square kilometers: It extends 2,392 kilometers from west to east and 1,259 kilometers from north to south. Mongolia is located in Northern Asia, bordered by Russia in the north and China in the south, east and west.

Mongolia has approximately 3,000 rivers with a combined length of approximately 67,000 kilometers, over 3,000 lakes, 6,900 springs, 190 glaciers and 250 mineral water springs.

Ulaanbaatar has the lowest average temperature of any national capital city in the world. Mongolia’s average annual rainfall, measures between 200 to 220 millimeters and it has approximately 250 cloudless days each year, earning it the nickname “country of eternal blue sky”.

Location: Northern Asia, landlocked between China and Russia

Area: 1,565 thousand square kilometers (19th largest in the world)

Boundaries: Total: 8,253 kilometers, with China (4,710 kilometers in the south), and with Russia (3,543 kilometers in the north)

Climate: Dry continental climate with desert, steppe and mountain zones with large daily and seasonal temperature ranges

Major natural resources: Copper, coal, iron ore, gold, silver, fluorspar, uranium, tin, tungsten, oil and rare earth elements